Seasonal dynamics of competition between honey bees and wild bees in a protected Mediterranean scrubland

Due to the widespread use of pesticides and lack floral resources in many agricultural landscapes, beekeepers have moved numerous honey bee colonies protected areas which could shelter an important diversity wild bees. Here, we investigated seasonal dynamics competition between bees through a two-year study plant–bee networks Mediterranean area. We recorded visitation rates four groups: bees, small large bumblebees. Our reveals that for induced by is especially strong during early spring then decreases along season all groups observed competitive exclusion illustrated avoidance well-flowered plant species presence As consequence, detected rewiring preferences linked In Rosmarinus officinalis Cistus albidus were significantly less visited This underlines need mitigate establishment as strongly affect foraging activity